Oracle 数据库导入、导出及数据泵文件的位置说明

1. DIRECTORY
指定转储文件和日志文件所在的目录
DIRECTORY=directory_object
Directory_object用于指定目录对象名称.需要注意,目录对象是使用CREATE DIRECTORY语句建立的对象,而不是OS目录
Expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY= DMP DUMPFILE=a.dump

create or replace directory dmp
as ‘d:/dmp’

expdp zftang/zftang@zftang directory=dmp dumpfile=test.dmp content=metadata_only

2. CONTENT
该选项用于指定要导出的内容.默认值为ALL
CONTENT={ALL | DATA_ONLY | METADATA_ONLY}
当设置CONTENT为ALL时,将导出对象定义及其所有数据.为DATA_ONLY时,只导出对象数据,为METADATA_ONLY时,只导出对象定义

expdp zftang/zftang@zftang directory=dmp dumpfile=test.dmp content=metadata_only
———-只导出对象定义
expdp zftang/zftang@zftang directory=dmp dumpfile=test.dmp content=data_only
———-导出出所有数据
3. DUMPFILE
用于指定转储文件的名称,默认名称为expdat.dmp
DUMPFILE=[directory_object:]file_name [,….]
Directory_object用于指定目录对象名,file_name用于指定转储文件名.需要注意,如果不指定directory_object,导出工具会自动使用DIRECTORY选项指定的目录对象

expdp zftang/zftang@zftang directory=dmp dumpfile=test1.dmp

数据泵工具导出的步骤：
1、创建DIRECTORY
create directory dir_dp as ‘D:/oracle/dir_dp’;
2、授权
Grant read,write target=”_blank”>zftang/zftang@fgisdb schemas=zftang directory=dir_dp dumpfile =expdp_test1.dmp logfile=expdp_test1.log;
连接到: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
启动 "ZFTANG"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  zftang/********@fgisdb sch
ory=dir_dp dumpfile =expdp_test1.dmp logfile=expdp_test1.log;  */
备注：
1、directory=dir_dp必须放在前面，如果将其放置最后，会提示 ORA-39002: 操作无效
                                                         ORA-39070: 无法打开日志文件。
                                                         ORA-39087: 目录名 DATA_PUMP_DIR; 无效

2、在导出过程中，DATA DUMP 创建并使用了一个名为SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01的对象，此对象就是DATA DUMP导出过程中所用的JOB名字，如果在执行这个命令时如果没有指定导出的JOB名字那么就会产生一个默认的JOB名字，如果在导出过程中指定JOB名字就为以指定名字出现
   如下改成：
   expdp zftang/zftang@fgisdb schemas=zftang directory=dir_dp dumpfile =expdp_test1.dmp logfile=expdp_test1.log,job_name=my_job1;
3、导出语句后面不要有分号，否则如上的导出语句中的job表名为‘my_job1;’，而不是my_job1。因此导致expdp zftang/zftang attach=zftang.my_job1执行该命令时一直提示找不到job表

数据泵导出的各种模式：
1、按表模式导出：
expdp zftang/zftang@fgisdb tables=zftang.b$i_exch_info,zftang.b$i_manhole_info dumpfile =expdp_test2.dmp logfile=expdp_test2.log directory=dir_dp job_name=my_job
2、按查询条件导出：
expdp zftang/zftang@fgisdb tables=zftang.b$i_exch_info dumpfile =expdp_test3.dmp logfile=expdp_test3.log directory=dir_dp job_name=my_job query=’"where rownum<11"’
3、按表空间导出：
Expdp zftang/zftang@fgisdb dumpfile=expdp_tablespace.dmp tablespaces=GCOMM.DBF logfile=expdp_tablespace.log directory=dir_dp job_name=my_job
4、导出方案
Expdp zftang/zftang DIRECTORY=dir_dp DUMPFILE=schema.dmp SCHEMAS=zftang,gwm
5、导出整个数据库：
expdp zftang/zftang@fgisdb dumpfile =full.dmp full=y logfile=full.log directory=dir_dp job_name=my_job

impdp导入模式：
1、按表导入
p_street_area.dmp文件中的表，此文件是以gwm用户按schemas=gwm导出的：
impdp gwm/gwm@fgisdb  dumpfile =p_street_area.dmp logfile=imp_p_street_area.log directory=dir_dp tables=p_street_area job_name=my_job
2、按用户导入（可以将用户信息直接导入，即如果用户信息不存在的情况下也可以直接导入）
impdp gwm/gwm@fgisdb schemas=gwm dumpfile =expdp_test.dmp logfile=expdp_test.log directory=dir_dp job_name=my_job
3、不通过expdp的步骤生成dmp文件而直接导入的方法：
–从源数据库中向目标数据库导入表p_street_area
impdp gwm/gwm directory=dir_dp NETWORK_LINK=igisdb tables=p_street_area logfile=p_street_area.log  job_name=my_job
igisdb是目的数据库与源数据的链接名，dir_dp是目的数据库上的目录
4、更换表空间
  采用remap_tablespace参数
–导出gwm用户下的所有数据
expdp system/orcl directory=data_pump_dir dumpfile=gwm.dmp SCHEMAS=gwm
注：如果是用sys用户导出的用户数据，包括用户创建、授权部分，用自身用户导出则不含这些内容
–以下是将gwm用户下的数据全部导入到表空间gcomm（原来为gmapdata表空间下）下
impdp system/orcl directory=data_pump_dir dumpfile=gwm.dmp remap_tablespace=gmapdata:gcomm

数据泵是服务器端工具，导出的文件是放在数据库所在的服务器上，当然我们知道可以通过directory目录对象来控制。目录对象默认有四个级别，当然是有优先级顺序的，优先级从上往下
1.每个文件单独的指定具体的目录
2.expdp导出时，指定的目录参数
3.用户定义的环境变量DATA_PUMP_DIR指定的目录
4.默认的目录对象DATA_PUMP_DIR
当然了对于oracle11g R2来说，又引入了一个可选项，我们就当是5
5.DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCHEMA_NAME目录

一、默认的目录对象DATA_PUMP_DIR测试
SQL>  desc dba_directories
  Name                                                             Null? Type
  —————————————————————– ——– ———————- OWNER                                                          NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
  DIRECTORY_NAME                                                 NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
  DIRECTORY_PATH                                                          VARCHAR2(4000)

SQL> set linesize 120 pagesize 100
SQL> col OWNER for a5
SQL> col DIRECTORY_NAME for a22
SQL> col DIRECTORY_PATH for a80

SQL> select * from dba_directories;
OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME       DIRECTORY_PATH
—– ———————- ———————————————————-
SYS SUBDIR                /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/order_entry//2002/Sep
SYS SS_OE_XMLDIR          /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/order_entry/
SYS LOG_FILE_DIR          /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/log/
SYS MEDIA_DIR             /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/product_media/
SYS XMLDIR                /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/xml
SYS DATA_FILE_DIR       /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/sales_history/
SYS DATA_PUMP_DIR       /u01/app/oracle/admin/tj01/dpdump/
SYS ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/ccr/state

通过查询我们看到，所有的目录都属于SYS用户，而不管是哪个用户创建的，在数据库里已经提前建好了这个目录对象DATA_PUMP_DIR。如果在使用expdp导出时，不指定目录对象参数，Oracle会使用数据库缺省的目录DATA_PUMP_DIR，不过如果想使用这个目录的话，用户需要具有exp_full_database的权限才行

SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME                         TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
—————————— ——- ———-
BONUS                         TABLE
DEPT                         TABLE
EMP                         TABLE
SALGRADE                      TABLE

SQL> create table demo as select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp;
Table created.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

由于没有exp_full_database，所以这样的导出会报错，你可以选择授权或者使用有权限的用户
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on Fri Nov 16 13:48:19 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.
ORA-39145: directory object parameter must be specified and non-null

[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 13:58:14 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> grant exp_full_database to scott;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

授权之后，导出成功，并且导出的文件和日志会到DATA_PUMP_DIR对象指定的目录
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on Fri Nov 16 13:58:52 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=emp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method…
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                            8.562 KB    14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/u01/app/oracle/admin/tj01/dpdump/emp.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 13:59:05

对于oracle11g来说，我们还可以定义一个新的目录对象，对象名称是DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCHEMA_NAME,如果定义了这个目录对象，并授予权限，在用户导出没有指定
具体的目录参数的情况下，导出文件会到这个目录
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ mkdir sdir
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 14:13:06 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create directory data_pump_dir_scott as ‘/home/oracle/sdir’;
Directory created.
SQL> grant read,write on directory data_pump_dir_scott to scott;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp1.dmp tables=emp

Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on Fri Nov 16 14:14:29 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Database Directory Object has defaulted to: "DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCOTT".
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** dumpfile=emp5.dmp tables=emp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method…
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                            8.562 KB    14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/home/oracle/sdir/emp1.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:14:34

二、如果设定了环境变量DATA_PUMP_DIR的话，环境变量会覆盖缺省设置
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ mkdir udir
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 13:59:15 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create directory udir as ‘/home/oracle/udir’;
Directory created.
SQL> grant write ,read on directory udir to scott;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

注意，在定义环境变量的时候，后面的值要用大写
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ export DATA_PUMP_DIR=udir
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp2.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on Fri Nov 16 14:05:07 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.
ORA-39087: directory name udir is invalid

[oracle@asm11g ~]$ export DATA_PUMP_DIR=UDIR
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp2.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on Fri Nov 16 14:05:23 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Database Directory Object has defaulted to: "UDIR".
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** dumpfile=emp3.dmp tables=emp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method…
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                            8.562 KB    14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/home/oracle/udir/emp2.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:05:29

三、如果导出时定义了参数directory，会使用参数指定的目录
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=udir tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on Fri Nov 16 14:07:33 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=udir tables=emp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method…
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                            8.562 KB    14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/home/oracle/udir/expdat.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:07:41

四、如果每个文件都指定了具体的目录的话，会以文件定义的目录为准
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ mkdir userdir
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 14:09:58 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create or replace directory userdir as ‘/home/oracle/userdir’;
Directory created.
SQL> grant read,write on directory userdir to scott;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=userdir:emp3.dmp logfile=userdir:test.log tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 – Production on Fri Nov 16 14:12:38 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Database Directory Object has defaulted to: "UDIR".
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** dumpfile=userdir:emp4.dmp logfile=userdir:test.log tables=emp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method…
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE

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Oracle 数据库导入、导出及数据泵文件的位置说明

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